JL 1044 
. V52 
Copy 1 

PORTO RICO CIVICS 

STUDENT’S WORKBOOK FOR THE 
SIXTH AND SEVENTH GRADES 

BY 

FRANCISCO VIZCARRONDO 

Assistant Commissioner of Education of Porto Rico 
and Chief of Division of Supervision 

AND 

JULIO FIOL NEGRON 


General Supervisor of Civic Training 



D. C. HEATH AND COMPANY 


BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO 

ATLANTA SAN FRANCISCO DALLAS 

LONDON 



















PORTO RICO CIVICS 

STUDENT’S WORKBOOK FOR THE 
SIXTH AND SEVENTH GRADES 


BY 

FRANCISCO VIZCARRONDO 

i * 

Assistant Commissioner of Education of Porto Rico 
and Chief of Division of Supervision 

AND 

JULIO FIOL NEGRON 

General Supervisor of Civic Training 



D. C. HEATH AND COMPANY 

BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO 

ATLANTA SAN FRANCISCO DALLAS 

LONDON 









Copyright, 1929, 

By D. C. Heath and Company 
2 j 9 







PRINTED IN D.S.A. 

©CIA 14729 


NOV 11 1929 


PREFACE 


The purpose of this Civics Workbook is to serve as a laboratory record where the pupil 
will note down the results of his researches and investigations. It will in no manner sub¬ 
stitute the text used at present, but supplement it by utilizing the pupils’ interests and 
activities. 

tl Action rather than knowledge” has been the test applied in the selection of material 
for each lesson— action with a manyfold aim: to teach the pupils to depend upon them¬ 
selves when they are set to solve any given problem; to teach them to learn to do by doing; 
to create in them habits of independent thinking and independent judgment; to have them 
actually experience the life and the world they are studying; in a word, to lead them to act 
as they would if they were adult citizens. 

It is hoped that this working manual will successfully meet the criticisms generally 
made against all books and monographs which deal with the subject matter of civics. It 
does not pretend to exhaust the subject, but it claims to contain the essentials that a sixth- 
or a seventh-grade pupil should master and which are not found in the textbooks prepared 
in the States by teachers unfamiliar with our needs. It is inexpensive, and it will be kept 
up-to-date by constant revision and modification. It not only allows for the socialization 
of the daily discussions, but it requires socialization as the best method for the solution of 
all the problems. It meets the needs of the slow pupil as well as those of the bright pupil, 
for the exercises and the work expected of each will depend on his or her interest and 
activity. Moreover, it contains sufficient supplementary work to satisfy the demands of 
any advanced group. In a word, we believe that the workbook will prove elastic enough to 
be suited to the needs of as wide a range of abilities as are likely to be found in grades six and 
seven. 


Instructions to Teachers 

This workbook has three parts: the Community, the Municipal Government, and the 
Insular Government. Each part includes nine projects and each project has enough mate¬ 
rial for five recitations of thirty minutes each. In addition, each project has supplementary 
work to take care of those groups that work fast enough to complete the regular lessons. 

Parts I and II are to be covered by the sixth grade in a year; Parts II and III, by the 
seventh grade in an equal period of time. This means that each of these two grades will 
have eighteen projects to finish in forty weeks, or an average of one project for every two 
weeks, with four weeks left for reviews and tests. While some projects will necessitate more 
than two weeks, others are so simple that they may be easily done in less than the time allotted. 

The following method may be used if no other is found to work better: assign the topic 
of each lesson a day or two before, with suggestive questions and the names of the sources 
of information. These may be written on the blackboard or dictated. The text “ Porto 

iii 


IV 


PREFACE 


Rico Civics” should prove very valuable as one of the sources of information. On the day 
set for the recitation, part of the time may be devoted to oral discussion and report, and the 
rest to write in the workbook the results of the pupils’ studies and investigations. Or, if 
the time allotted to this subject is short, assign one recitation for discussion and the next 
for written work. 

A word of caution: the whole enterprise will be a complete failure if the work is made 
too mechanical, if pupils’ interest and activity are not utilized to the utmost, if the recita¬ 
tions are not properly socialized, and if the teacher merely dictates the answers to the 
pupils or writes them on the board for the latter to copy and memorize. 


F. V. AND J. F. N. 


CONTENTS 


PART I. THE COMMUNITY 

PROJECT PAGE 

I. The Community I. 1 

II. The Community II. 8 

III. Play and Amusements.13 

IV. Health Problems.20 

V. Industrial Conditions and Problems.26 

VI. Vocations.32 

VII. Communication and Transportation.38 

VIII. Urban Improvements.41 

IX. Rural Improvements.47 

PART II. THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT 

X. The Municipal Government.55 

XI. The Mayor.58 

XII. The Municipal Assembly I.65 

XIII. The Municipal Assembly II.69 

XIV. The School Director.74 

XV. The School District.78 

XVI. The School Budget.82 

XVII. Schools I.87 

XVIII. Schools II.93 

PART III. THE INSULAR GOVERNMENT 

XIX. Citizenship.101 

XX. Political Parties and Elections.104 

XXI. The Insular Government.109 

XXII. The Governor of Porto Rico.114 

XXIII. The Commissioner of Education.119 

XXIV. The University of Porto Rico.123 

XXV. The Legislature of Porto Rico.127 

XXVI. The Courts .133 

XXVII. Taxation .139 


v 


































PART I —THE COMMUNITY 


































* ' 













































































































































































































































































































































































































































































PORTO RICO CIVICS 


THE COMMUNITY I 

PROJECT I 

To show that we depend upon one another and that cooperation is indispensable for success 
in life. 

Problems 

1. To find out the reasons for the founding of the town where you live. 

2. To find out the different individuals or organizations that are helping to make your 
community a pleasant place in which to live. 

3. To find out the advantages that you have in living where you five. 

4. To find out what factors are needed for the welfare of your community. 

5. To find out in what ways you and your classmates may help in improving your 
community. 

1. To find out the reasons for the founding of the town where you live. 

Exercises 

1. Describe briefly the town where you are now living. The surrounding country. 


2. Write down briefly the reasons that the original settlers of your community had 
for making their home there. 

a. Location--— 

b. Surroundings -- 


l 










2 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


c. Soil _ 

d. Water supply _ 

e. Lumber supply ______ 

/. Climate and health conditions 


g. Communications (Roads, railroads, ports, etc.) 


h. Wealth _ 

i. Industrial possibilities 


j. Other reasons (Schools, wages, taxes, playgrounds, etc.) _ 


2. To find out the different individuals or organizations that are helping to make your 
community a pleasant place in which to live. 


Exercises 

1. Name as many organizations as you can remember and tell briefly what each one 
of them does to help make your community a pleasant place in which to live. 




















THE COMMUNITY I 


3 


2. Who is responsible for: 

a. Cleaning the streets?_ 

b. Maintaining a Fire Department? __ 

c. Carrying the mail? _ 

d. Taking care of sick persons? ___ 

e. Protecting women and children while at work? _ 

/. Building, keeping, and beautifying playgrounds? __ 

g. Maintaining the telegraph? _______ 

h. Running the movies?_ 

i. Supplying water to the town? - 

j. Providing electric light?_ 

k. Punishing criminals?___ 

l. Keeping order?- 

m. Isolating sick persons to avoid contagious diseases? 


n. Collecting the taxes?_ 

o. Providing schools?- 

p. Furnishing bus transportation? 























4 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


q. Helping farmers to improve their methods and to select the best seeds? 


r. Repairing streets and roads?_ 

s. Inspecting food to protect the health of the community? __ 

t. Seeing that foodstuffs sold to the people have the proper weight? 


3. 


I. 


( 1 ) 

(2) 

(3) 

( 1 ) 

( 2 ) 

(3) 

( 1 ) 

( 1 ) 

( 2 ) 

(3) 

(4) 


To find out the advantages that you have in living where you live. 

Exercises 

Write a list 

Of five means of communication used in your town. 

- (4) - 

---- (5) - 


Of five pleasures that you have in your town. 

-(4) _ 

-(5) _ 


Of two labor-saving devices in your home. 

- (2) - 

Of eight other advantages possessed by your town. 

---(5) - 

-( 6 ) - 

- (7) - 

- (8) - 



























THE COMMUNITY I 
“yes” or a “not” which of the 


following advantages are possessed 


2. Indicate with a 
by your town: 

_Post office 

_. Good hotel 

_Aqueduct 

__ Athletic field 

__ Public refrigerator 

__ Swimming pool 

_ Railroad station 


_ Night school 

_ Radio station 

_ Postman 

_ High school 

_ Sewer system 

_ Talking pictures 

___ Continuation school 


_ Fireman 

__ Public library 

__ Market place 

__ Street cleaners 

_ Band or orchestra 

_ Airplane service 


4. To find out what factors are needed for the welfare of your community. 

Exercises 

1. Write down those items in Problem 3, Exercise 2 at the top of this page, which are 
not found in your community 


2. State briefly how your community is at present meeting each of the following: 

a. Keeping the health of the people _ 


b. Fostering the health of the people 


c. Caring for lunatics 
















6 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


d. Caring for the sick 


e. Caring for the orphans 


/. Beautifying the town 


g. Preventing fires and other calamities 


h. Helping the people to correct their living habits 


i. Improving communication with barrios 


j. Building recreation places 


5. To find out in what ways you and your classmates may help in improving your com¬ 
munity. 

Exercises 

1. Name five ways in which you may help your community. 


b. 


c. 


d. 


e. 


2. Do you help your community when you do each of the following? (Give reasons.) 























THE COMMUNITY I 


7 


a. Help the authorities in keeping the town clean? 


b. Belong to the “Band of Mercy”? 


c. Have quarrels at home with your sisters or brothers? 


d. Attend the movies? 


e. Eat fruits daily? 


/. Work during vacations? 


g. Play in the streets? 


h. Belong to the Junior Red Cross? 


i. Spend freely in candies ?. 


j. Go late to school? 


Supplementary Work 

1. Make a plan of your town, indicating the main streets and public buildings. 

2. Read and reproduce the story of “Robinson Crusoe.” What lessons do you learn 
from it? 

3. Debate: Resolved: That living in the country is better than living in a town. 




























8 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


THE COMMUNITY II 

PROJECT II 

To study some of the constant communal influences upon the child. 

Problems 

1; To see how the home influences the child and how he in turn can best serve the 
interests of the home. 

2. To see how the schools serve the pupils. 

3. To see how the town serves its inhabitants and how these should in turn serve the 
town. 

4. To see the benefits bestowed by the Insular Government upon the people and how 
the people should serve the best interests of the Island. 

5. To bring before the people of Porto Rico the benefits derived from our association 
with the nation and to discover how we could serve the best interests of the nation. 

1. To see how the home influences the child and how he in turn can best serve the interests 
of the home. 

Exercises 

1. a. Name the members of your home with whom you are living_ 


b. What does each do? 


c. What benefits do you receive from their work? 


d. In what ways are you contributing to the welfare and comfort in your home?_ 















THE COMMUNITY II 


9 


2. a. Give an oral report of how the home is helping you and what you are doing to 
pay back what you are receiving. 

b. Put that report in writing below. 

How Can I Serve the Best Interests of My Home? 


2. To see how the schools serve the pupils. 

Explanation: The school tries to give to each pupil an education. The health, the 
social-civic, the vocational-economic, and the cultural-recreational are the elements of a com¬ 
plete education. 






















10 PORTO RICO CIVICS 

Exercises 

1. What subjects in the courses of study of your school tend to provide the elements 
given below: 

a. Health?_:__—-- 

b. Social-civic? ___ 

c. Vocational-economic?_—-- 

d. Cultural-recreational?__ 

2. a. In what other ways, besides the subjects taught in school, is the health of the 

pupils taken care of?_*- 


b. The social-civic purpose?_ 

c. How can a pupil serve his school? 


3. To see how the town serves its inhabitants and how these should in turn serve the town. 


Exercises 

Name ten advantages afforded by a town to its inhabitants. 


b. 


d. 


1 . 





















THE COMMUNITY II 


11 


e. 


h. 


/•- i. _ 

g. -- j. - 

2. Name five ways in which you can help your town. 
a. _ d. _ 


b. 


e. 


c. 


4. To see the benefits bestowed by the Insular Government upon the people and how the 
people should serve the best interests of the Island. 

Exercises 

1. Name five ways in which the Insular Government is promoting the welfare of the 
people of Porto Rico. 


a. 


b. 


c. 


d. 


e. 


2. Give a brief oral statement of how the people of Porto Rico should help the gov¬ 
ernment of the Island in promoting the welfare of its inhabitants. 

5. To bring before the people of Porto Rico the benefits derived from our association with 
the nation and to discover how we could serve the best interests of the nation. 

Exercises 

1. a. What is the National Guard? How is it supported? How much is spent in 
buildings? In salaries? Who pays each of these items?- 



















12 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


b. Why do we have a regiment of the standing army here? Who pays for it? Who 
are the members of this regiment? -—- 


c. What is the difference between the National Guard and the standing army? 


d. In what ways are you helped by either of them or by both? 


























































PLAY AND AMUSEMENTS 13 

2. What is the American Red Cross? In what ways have you received any benefit 


from the American Red Cross? 


Supplementary Work 

1. Work of the Junior Red Cross. 

2. How the American Red Cross aided the people of Porto Rico after the hurricane 
of September 13, 1928. 

3. “ The Bands of Mercy.” 

4. “Civic Leagues” and other community projects. 

5. Stories of work done by Juniors of Porto Rico in times of distress. 


PLAY AND AMUSEMENTS 

PROJECT III 

How the community is satisfying the needs of the people for play and amusements. 

Problems 

1. To make a survey of the kinds of play and amusements of your community. 

2. To clip news showing the different forms of play and amusements in Porto Rico. 

3. To see how the schools are providing in their courses of study for play and amuse¬ 
ments. 

4. To see how the municipal and Insular governments are offering facilities for play 
and recreation. 

5. To formulate a program to provide facilities for play and amusements in your 
municipality. 


1. To make a survey of the kinds of play and amusements of your community. 

Exercises 

1. After each of the facilities given on page 14, write “yes,” if it is provided in your 
municipality, and indicate whether by the Insular Government, the municipal govern¬ 
ments, the schools, the American Red Cross, private parties, etc. 








14 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


Facilities 

Given ? 

Provided by: 

(1) Art galleries 



(2) Baseball fields 



(3) Basket, ball courts 



(4) Boy Scouts 



(5) Bathing beaches 


■ --- 

(fi) Boxing stadiums 



(7) Fishing grounds 



('S') Girl Snouts 



(9) Golf eourses 



(10) Gymnasiums 



(11) Hiking grounds * 



(12) Museums 



(13) Pnblie libraries 



(14) Public concerts 



(1.K) Parks 



(IfV) Playgrounds 



(17) Play streets 



GS) Radio concerts 



(19) Recreation centers 



(20) Skating rinks 



(21) Swimming towers 



































PLAY AND AMUSEMENTS 


15 


Facilities 

Given f 

Provided by: 

(22) Swimming pools 


• 

(23) Track fields 



(2A) Tennis courts 



(25) Theaters (Moving pictures) 

(26) Theaters (Drama,) 





(27) Volley ball courts 



(28) 



(29) 



(30) 




1 


2. To clip news showing the different forms of play and amusements in Porto Rico. 

Exercises 

1. Clip from newspapers different kinds of news about play and recreation in Porto 
Rico. Read some in class. 


2. Paste at least two of these clippings on this page and the next of your workbook. 
















16 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


3. To see how the schools are providing in their courses of study for play and amusements. 

Exercises 

1. a. Name four ways in which your school is providing for play and amusements in 
its courses of studies. 

(1)- 

(2)-, 

(3) --- 

(4) - 











PLAY AND AMUSEMENTS 


17 


b. Which of the following activities provide for play? Which for amusements? 
(Underscore once those for play; twice, those for amusements): 

Arithmetic, Physical Training, English, Spanish, Recess, Geography, Opening Ex¬ 
ercises, Agriculture, Health Education, Dramatic Club, English Club, Nature Study, 
Civics, History. 

2. The course of study in physical education provides for different kinds of activities 
for each grade. In the spaces below, indicate with a check mark (s/) which are given in 
each grade. 


Activities 

1st 

2nd 

3rd 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

(1) Calisthenics 









(2) Motion songs 









(3) Baseball 









(4) Folk dances 









(7>) Games 



















4. To see how the municipal and Insular governments are offering facilities for play and 
recreation. 

Exercises 

1. a. See Problem 1, page 13, and from the data under Exercise 1 (p. 14) write down 
those facilities provided in your community by the municipal government. 

(1) ----- (4) —- 

(2) --- (5) -- 

(3) -- 

b. Does the municipality have any plan to build a field, to improve the school yard, or 
to offer any other facilities for play and amusements?- 



























18 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


2. a. See Problem 1, page 13, and from the data recorded under Exercise 1 (p. 14) 
select those facilities provided in your locality by the Insular Government. 

(1) -(4)-.- 

(2) -(5) -„- 

(3) - 

b. Is there an athletic commission in Porto Rico? If so, what are its duties? __ 


5. To formulate a 'program to provide facilities for play and amusements in your munici¬ 
pality. 

Exercises 

1. Draw a plan of your town, indicating location of present facilities, such as theaters, 
playgrounds, public squares, etc. 






















PLAY AND AMUSEMENTS 


19 



Present Facilities: 

a. Baseball field 

b. Public library 

c. _ 

d. _ 


Proposed Facilities: 

a. Stadium 

b. Volley ball courts 

c. _ 

d _ 


2. a. Indicate on the plan above the improvements that you suggest for additional 
play and amusement facilities. 

b. Mark the location of each school building with the letter “S.” 

Supplementary Work 

1. Make a list of indoor and outdoor plays in which school children engage. 

2. What is the meaning of “leisure”? What do you do at leisure time? 

3. Make an oral report about the work of Boy Scouts; of Girl Scouts. 

































































20 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


HEALTH PROBLEMS 



PROJECT IV 


To have pupils understand the chief health problems in their communities, learn what agencies 
are helping in the solution of these problems, and in what connection the schools should lend 
their aid. 


Problems 

1. To discover the chief health problems of the community. 

2. To see what the Department of Health is doing to eradicate these evils, and how 
it is being helped by other agencies. 

3. To study the best means of keeping the water pure and the air free from pollution, 
and to find out how these means are being applied. 

4. To see what is being done to keep food pure, and how diseases are controlled. 

5. To see how the schools can help in keeping and fostering public health. 


1. To discover the chief health problems of the community. 


Exercises 

1. The following are the chief health problems in most of the towns of Porto Rico. If 
any of them is also a problem in your town, put a check mark (V) after it. Blanks are 
left for you to add more items. 


a. Impure water _ 

b. Garbage disposal__ 

c. Typhoid fever__ 

d. Dusty streets __ 

e. Dirty patios _ 

/. Smoke from factories_ 

g. Foul odors from sewers_ 

h. Overcrowded schoolrooms __ 

i. Overcrowded factories _ 

j. Overcrowded living quarters _ 


k. Impure food _ 

l. Malaria _ 

m. Tuberculosis_ 

n. No place for school children to play_ 

o. Poor ventilation of houses _ 

p. - 

q. ---- 

r. __ _ _ 

s. _:_._ 

t. _ * _ 


2. From the above list select the five most important problems and write them down 
in the order of their importance. 


a. 


b. 











HEALTH PROBLEMS 


21 


d. 


e. 


2. To see what the Department of Health is doing to eradicate these evils, and how it is 
being helped by other agencies. 

Exercises 

1. Tell briefly how the Department of Health (or the municipal authorities) are trying 
to solve these problems. 

a. Impure water __ 

b. Garbage disposal_ __ 

c. Dusty streets _. _ 

d. Overcrowded houses ’ _ 

e. Impure food_ ___ _ 

/. Poor ventilation of houses ___._ 

g. Diseases_ _ ___ _ _ 

h. _ ____ _ _ 


i. 

3- 


k. 

l . 


m. 


n. 


o. 


p. -- 

2. Name three other agencies that are cooperating with the Department of Health 
(and municipal authorities) to improve the health of the community. 





























22 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


a. _A 

b. _ 



3. To study the best means of keeping the water pure and the air free from pollution, and 
to find out how these means are being applied. 

Exercises 

i 

1. a. (1) From where does your community secure its water?- 

(2) What makes you believe that it is pure?_=--- 

(3) Are there animals grazing above the place from which the water is taken?- 

(4) Is there a filtering plant? _ 

(5) A chlorine plant?_ 

b. Name three ways of keeping water pure. If these means are in force in your com¬ 
munity, indicate them with the word “yes,” after each. 

( 1 )--- 

(2)- 

(3)- 

2. a. (1) Has every house in your community a garbage can? _____ 

(2) If not, how many out of every ten?___ 

(3) Where is the garbage deposited?__ 

(4) Is it burned or left there to rot?_ 

(5) At night, how does air enter your sleeping room?_ 

(6) Is there a factory in your community?_ 

(7) Are the workers overcrowded?_ 





















HEALTH PROBLEMS 


23 


(8) Are the streets of your community dusty?_ 

(9) Do you have a “cleaning-up ’’ day every year?_ 

(10) When did you have the last “cleaning-up” day? (State day and month) 


b. Describe briefly how your community is solving the following problems. 

(1) Cleaning the streets_ 

(2) Disposing of the garbage_ 

(3) Cleaning the yards_ 

4. To see what is being done to keep food pure, and how diseases are controlled. 

Exercises 

1. a. What is done by the Federal Government to have pure food sold to the public? 


b. By the Insular Government? 


c. By other local agencies, public or private? 





















24 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


d. Paste on this page two labels of canned foods which indicate that they have been 
prepared in accordance with food laws passed by Congress. 

/ 

/ 


2. a. Name the five most common diseases in your community. 

(1) -(4) - 

(2) - (5) - 

(3) -- 








HEALTH PROBLEMS 


25 


b. Tell how they are being attacked by the health authorities, using a sentence for 
each disease. 

( 1 ) -_ 

(2)- 

(3) -- 

(4) - 

(5) - 

6 . To see how the schools can help in keeping and fostering public health. 

Exercises 

1. a. What provisions do you have in your daily program for health teaching?_ 


b. For recesses?- 

c. For physical training?- 

d. Do you have individual drinking cups? - 

e. Sanitary drinking fountains? _ 

/. Who clean the patio? - - 

g. Who sweep the floors and clean the blackboards?- 

h. Where is the garbage deposited?- 

i. Have you been vaccinated? - 

j. Does the light reach your desk from the back, right, front, or left? - 

2. Indicate five ways in which you can help the community in keeping and fostering 
health. 

a. _._—- 



















26 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


b. 


c. 


d. 


e. 


Supplementary Work 

1. Organization of a Health Department in the building, with health inspectors and a 
Commissioner of Health. 

2. Organization and carrying out of a “cleaning-up” day. 

3. A five-minute talk from the local health inspector. 


INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS AND PROBLEMS 

PROJECT V 

To have pupils know the industrial enterprises of the community, the possibilities for new 
industries, the chief industrial problems in the locality, the advantages of having local factories, 
and what the schools are doing to meet the problem of vocational training. 

Problems 

1. To make a survey of local industries. 

2. To determine what are the chief industrial problems of the community. 

3. To find out the chief industrial possibilities in the community. 

4. To determine the advantages of having factories in the municipality. 

5. To see what the schools are doing to solve the problem of vocational training. 

1. To make a survey of local industries. 

Exercises 

1. Assignment: Divide the class into groups of three to five. Have each group visit 
a different factory and report individually. 

Report of a Visit to_ 










INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS AND PROBLEMS 


27 



































28 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


2. To determine what are the chief industrial 'problems of the community. 

Exercises 

1. Below is a list of problems that may be met in Porto Rico. Which of them are 
also met by your community? (Write “yes” or “not.” In case of doubt, put a question 
mark “?”) 

a. Lack of skilled labor?_— 

b. Lack of unskilled labor?_ 

c. Unemployment?_. Which, a or b ? _ 

d. Frequent strikes?__ 

e. Low wages?_ 

/. Child labor laws not enforced?__ 

g. Trusts controlling business?_ 

h. No banks in the town?_ , 

i. Farms not improved?_ 

j. No ready market for local finished products? _ 

k. The population not increasing?_ 

l. Small farms sold?_ 

m. Not conserving natural resources?___ 

n. Not developing natural resources?__ 

o. Water power not available?_ 


2. Describe one way in which you can improve any one of the above conditions. 























INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS AND PROBLEMS 


29 


3. To find out the chief industrial possibilities in the community. 

Exercises 

1. a. Is the corn consumed in your locality imported or grown in the neighborhood? 


b. Is the meat imported or not? 

c. Shoes?_ 

d. Ready-made clothing? _ 

e. Lumber? _ 

/. Rice?_ 

g. Furniture?____ 

h. Beans?_ 

i. Hardware? _ 

j. Cigarettes?- 


2. Note down twenty finished products consumed in your municipality, the raw 
materials from which each is made, and possibilities of their production in your munici¬ 
pality or in any other municipality of Porto Rico. 


No. 

Finished Product 

Raw Materials 

Possibilities of Production 
in Porto Rico 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 













































30 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


No. 

Finished Product 

Raw Materials 

Possibilities of Production 
in Porto Rico 

(7) 

(8) 

(9) 

(10) 

(11) 

(12) 

(13) 

(14) 

(15) 

(16) 

(17) 

(18) 

(19) 

(20) 












































I 


4. To determine the advantages of having factories in the municipality. 

Exercises 

1. a. Name a good effect of the establishment of factories upon: 

(1) Wages_ 

(2) Transportation __._ 

(3) Commerce____ 

(4) Municipal improvements_ 

(5) Recreation facilities___ 
































31 


INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS AND PROBLEMS 

2. Write a paragraph about the advantages of having factories in the municipality. 
(Include the answers given in exercise on page 30 and add more.) 


6. To see what the schools are doing to meet the problem of vocational training . 

Exercises 

1. a. What provisions in the curriculum of the rural schools are intended to teach 
the pupils a trade?-—- 

b. What provisions in the curriculum of the elementary urban schools? - 


c. In the curriculum of the high and continuation schools?. 
































32 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


2. Give an oral report about one of the following: 

a. “Baldorioty de Castro Technical School.” 

b. “Roosevelt Industrial School,” at Ponce. 

c. The “second-unit” schools. 

Supplementary Work 

1. Meaning and purpose of “labor unions.” 

2. The manufacturing of sugar cane. 

3. The manufacturing of cigars. 


VOCATIONS 

PROJECT VI 

To make a survey of pupils’ vocations; to find the average wages paid for the most common 
types of skilled labor; to see the type of training given at certain industrial schools; and to have 
pupils indicate what they plan to do after leaving school. 

Problems 

1. To find out what kind of work pupils like, and the reasons. 

2. To find out the wages paid for the most common types of skilled labor in Porto Rico. 

3. To study the work of the “second-unit” schools. 

4. To see how a difference in training brings a difference in salary. 

5. To have pupils indicate what they plan to do after leaving school and what they 
are doing to accomplish their aims. 


1. To find out what kind of work the pupils like, and the reasons. 

Exercises 

1. Indicate below five kinds of work that you like best, and give your reasons. 


a. 


b. 










VOCATIONS 


33 


d. 


e. 


2. Indicate five kinds of work that you like the least, and give your reasons. 


a. 


b. 


c. 


d. 


e. 


2. To find out the wages paid for the most common types of skilled labor in Porto Rico. 


Exercises 

1. Find out what are the most common types of skilled laborers in your municipality. 

a. -/.-—--- 

b. - g. - 

c. _ h. -- 


d. 


e. 


j- 






























34 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


2. a. Find out what weekly wages are paid to the following. 


Workers 

Weekly Wages 

Training 

(1) Carpenters 



(2) Cabinet makers 



(3) Briekla.yers 



(4) Street eleaners 



(5) Peones 



(6) Painters 



(7) Auto meeha.nies 



(S') Charena! venders 



('9') Plumbers 



HO') Pla.eksmiths 



(11) Shoemakers 



(12) Cooks 



(13) Street venders 



(14) House servants 



(IS) 



(Ifi) 



(17) 



(18) 



(19) 



(20) 




































VOCATIONS 


35 


b. How does the group comprising cooks, house servants, street cleaners, charcoal 
venders, street venders, and peones compare with the group of plumbers, auto mechanics, 
painters, and cabinet makers? How do you account for the difference? 


3. To study the work of the u second-unit” schools. 

Exercises 

1. a. Give three of the aims of the “second-unit” schools. 

( 1 ) -—---,- 

( 2 )--- 

(3) - 

b. Name two types of work offered. 

To Girls To Boys 


(1)-(1) - 

(2)-(2) - 

2. Write a brief paragraph telling how the training given in the “ second-unit ” schools 
will help the pupils after they leave school. 





















36 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


4. To see how a difference in training brings a difference in salary. 

Exercises 

1. a. Name five occupations open to eighth-grade graduates. 

(1) -(4)- 

(2) -(5) -_- 

(3) - 

b. Name five occupations open to high-school graduates. 

(1) -(4)-:- 

(2) - (5)- 

(3) - 

c. Name five occupations open to college graduates. 

(1) - (4) .- 

(2) -:- (5) - 

(3) - 


2. Compare the average (or known) salaries in each group with the average (or known) 
salaries in the other groups. How do you account for the difference? 


5. To have pupils indicate what they plan to do after leaving school and what they are now 
doing to accomplish their aims. 

























VOCATIONS 


37 


Exercises 

1. Write a composition on the subject given below. The written composition should 
be preceded by a short discussion of the themes and the oral rendering of their composition 
by one or two of the members of the class. 


What I Plan to Do After Leaving School 























38 PORTO RICO CIVICS 

Supplementary Work 

1. Draw conclusions from the graphs given below: 



Graph I. — The Untrained Man. 
He starts as a boy of fourteen — 
reaches maximum income at thirty. 
Since his income is largely depend¬ 
ent on manual dexterity, it falls off 
at fifty or earlier to a point below 
self-support. 

Total earnings from fourteen to 
sixty, about $45,000. Not more 
than $2,000 is earned in the years 
that would have given him a high 
school education. 


Graph II. — The High School 
Graduate. He goes to work at 
eighteen, passes the maximum of 
the untrained man, and rises stead¬ 
ily to his own maximum of approxi¬ 
mately $2,200 at forty. 

Total earnings from eighteen to 
sixty, about $78,000. The $33,000 
more than that earned by the un¬ 
trained man represents cash value 
of high school course. 


Graph III. — The College or 
Technical School Graduate. His 
permanent earnings begin at twenty- 
two. 

Since his income is dependent 
upon his mental ability, it increases 
instead of diminishing with the 
years. The average of $6,000 at 
sixty is often surpassed. 

Total earnings from twenty-two 
to sixty (not including anything 
earned during the college period), 
$150,000. 

From Massachusetts Dept, of Labor 


COMMUNICATION AND TRANSPORTATION 

PROJECT VII 

To study the development of the means of communication and transportation. 

Problems 

1. To find out what are the present means of communication. 

2. To compare the present means of communication with those found in 1775. 

3. To find out what are the present means of transportation. 

4. To compare the present means of transportation with those found in 1775. 

5. To determine what improvements should be made to solve the new problems brought 
about by the increase of the means of communication and transportation. 

1. To find out what are the present means of communication. 

Exercises 

1. State one service rendered by each of the following means of communication. 
a. Radio ____ 
















































COMMUNICATION AND TRANSPORTATION 


39 


b. Press . .... 

c. Telephone _ 

d. Telegraph __ 

e. Post Office ____ 

2. Name five others means of communication. 


2. To compare the present means of communication with those found in 1775. 

Exercises 

1. a. Compare how letters were sent then and now, indicating time required, cost, etc. 


b. Compare an old type of printing press (the one used by Franklin) with a modern 
type as to number of copies printed, size of newspapers, range or variety of news, etc. 


2. Indicate with a number before each the order in which the following appeared: 
canoe, horse, radio, foot, post office, automobile, 

airplane, telegraph, telephone. 



















40 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


3. To find out what are the present means of transportation. 

Exercises 

1. Indicate below ten means of transportation. 
-- /. - 


c.- h. 


-j. __. 

2. a. Write down the five means of transportation most used in your community, in 
the order of their importance. 

(D ---- (4)- 

(2) ---- (5) ____ 

(3) ---- 

b. Name five means of transportation common in colonial times, but seldom used now. 

(!) -—— (4) _ 

(2) _____ (5) _;__ 

(3) __ 


4. To compare the present means of transportation with those found in 1775. 

Exercises 

1. Each pupil will give orally a report of present means of transportation contrasted 
with those used in 1775. Note the time taken, the bulk carried, the comfort then and now, 
roads and canals then and now, etc. 


5. To determine what improvements should be made to solve the new problems brought 
about by the increase of the means of communication and transportation . 






















URBAN IMPROVEMENTS 41 

Exercises 

1. Tell what the cities, the state governments, or the Federal Government are doing 
in connection with the following. 

a. Airports _ 

b. Radio_ 

c. Street lighting _ 

d. Wharves _ __, _ 

e. Street corners __._ _ 

/. Turns in roads_ 

g. Traffic police_ 

h. Parking autos_ 

i. Bridges_ 

j. Canals- 

Supplementary Work 

1. Write a telegram, using an official blank form. 

2. Fill out an application blank for a postal money order. 

3. Study the lives of Marconi, Fulton, Bell, Morse, Wright, etc. 


URBAN IMPROVEMENTS 
PROJECT VIII 

To see what efforts your community is making to become beautiful and healthful. 

Problems 

1. To see what improvements are needed in your community. 

2. To enumerate the chief public buildings in the community and to see how they are 
cared for. 

3. To see what provisions your community has made for parks and playgrounds. 

4. To have the Municipal Director of Public Works explain to the pupils the plans of 
the local administration for the improvement of the community. 

Alternative: To have the pupils suggest how improvements may be made in the 
community. 

5. To see what other communities are doing in the way of improvements. 















42 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


1. To see what improvements are needed in your community . 

Exercises 

1. There are ten items listed below. For the purpose of guiding you, each one has 
a given value of 10 points, or a total of 100 points. Assign points to each item and see 
how your locality comes out. To help you do it more accurately, some explanations are 
given after the list of items. 


Item 

Weight 

Your Estimate 

(1) Streets 

10 


(2) Municipal Hall 

10 


(3) School buildings 

10 


(4) Private residences 

10 


(5) Public squares 

10 


(fi) Playgrounds 

10 


(7) Vacant lots 

10 


(8) Cemetery 

10 


(9) Market place 

10 


(10) Others 

10 






Explanations 

(1) Take off 1 point for a dark street; 1, for overhead wires; 1, for unsightly signs; 
1, for lack of trees; 1, for lack of sidewalks; 1, for dirty or dusty street. 

(2) Take off 1 point for lack of paint; 1, for repairs needed; 1, for poor appearance; 
1, for dirt or marks on the walls. 

(3) Take off 1 point for lack of a fence; 1, for lack of a garden; 1, for lack of paint; 
1, for marks on the walls; 1, for repairs needed; 1, for poor appearance. 

(4) Take off 1 point for lack of sidewalks; 1, for lack of gardens; 1, for poor appear¬ 
ance; 1, for lack of paint; 1, for need of repairs. 

(5) Take off 1 point for lack of trees; 1, for dirt; 1, for lack of lawns; 1, for lack of 
seats; 1, for lack of flowers. 






























URBAN IMPROVEMENTS 


43 


(6) Take off 4 points for lack of equipment; 1, for lack of a fence. 

(7) Take off 1 point for lack of a fence; 1, for rubbish; 1, for general appearance. 

(8) Take off 1 point for lack of walks; 1, for lack of lawns; 3, for lack of fence; 1, for 
lack of paint; 1, for general appearance. 

(9) Take off 1 point for lack of paint; 1, for lack of wire netting; 1, for dirt; 1, for 
foul odor; 1, for general appearance. 

(10) Take off 1 point for lack of a library; 1, for lack of a theater; 1, for lack of a 
hospital; 1, for lack of an aqueduct- 1, for lack of sewers; 1, for lack of a Fire Depart¬ 
ment; 1, for lack of electric light. 


2. To enumerate the chief public buildings of your community and to see how they are 
cared for. 


Exercises 

1. Fill out the blanks below. The first column indicates the chief public buildings in 
some of our communities. Add names, if necessary. The second, how each is cared for. 
The third, the repairs each needs. 


Public Buildings 

How Cared For 

Repairs Needed 

(1) Municipal theater 



(2) City Hall 



(3) Market, place 



(4) Schools 



(fi) Cemetery 



(6) Park or playground 



(7) Library 



(8) Slaughter-house 



(9) Hospital 



(10) Fire Department 



(11) 


























44 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


Public Buildings 

How Cared For 

Repairs Needed 

(12) 



(13) 



(14) 



(15) 







3. To see what provisions your community has made for parks and playgrounds. 

Exercises 

1. a. Where do children play at home?_ 


b. At school? __________ 

c. After leaving school?_ 

d. Is there an equipped playground at each school?_ 

e. How many school buildings do not have an equipped playground?_ 

/. Is there any other equipped playground besides the school’s?_ If so 

where?.„. . 

g. Do the schools plan to make a playground or athletic field?____. 

h. Is there a private playground or stadium?. . 

i. What is it used for? ___ 

j. Where do school children play during recess?_ 


k. Is there a Y.M.C.A. building, or a building belonging to any other sporting or¬ 


ganization or institution? 


























URBAN IMPROVEMENTS 


45 


4. To have the Municipal Director of Public Works explain to the pupils the plans of the 
local administration for the improvement of the community. 

Alternative: In case it is not possible for the Municipal Director of Public Works to 
address the pupils on this subject, there should be an informal discussion of how the town 
may be improved. 

Certain topics, as the following, should receive emphasis: 

a. Streets d. Vacant lots 

b. Public and private buildings e. Sewers, etc. 

c. Parks and playgrounds 

5. To see what other communities are doing in the way of improvements. 

Exercises 

1. Paste on this page and on the next page of your workbook pictures of: 

a. The Capitol at San Juan 

b. The School of Tropical Medicine 

c. The Central High School at San Juan 

d. The Baldorioty School at San Juan 

e. The Atheneum of Porto Rico 
/. The Lluberas Park at Yauco 

g. Newly erected buildings in different parts of the Island, showing civic improvements 
made by the municipalities. 








RURAL IMPROVEMENTS 47 

Supplementary Work 

1. Reports by pupils about other cities. 

2. Making an album of Porto Rico, showing civic improvements. 

3. Making a chart, indicating improvements made in some of the towns and cities 
of Porto Rico. 


RURAL IMPROVEMENTS 

PROJECT IX 

To see what means are being put in force to improve rural conditions in Porto Rico. 

Problems 

1. To ascertain what are the chief problems of the rural sections of the Island. 

2. To determine who should solve these problems. 

3. To find out what your municipal government is doing to improve rural conditions. 

4. To find out what the Insular Government is doing to improve rural conditions. 

5. To debate the advantages and disadvantages of establishing villages in the rural 
sections. 

1. To ascertain what are the chief 'problems of the rural sections of the Island. 

Exercises 

1. Indicate (underline) which of the following problems are found in the rural sections 
of your municipality: 

Lack of insular roads; lack of municipal roads; no amusements; no labor-saving 
machines; no medical attendance; impure water supply; people poorly dressed; people 
poorly fed; people affected with uncinariasis; no police protection; low wages; markets 
too far from the place of production. 

2. Of the items indicated above, name three which, if solved, will greatly hasten the 
solution of the others, stating reasons for your choice. 


a. 


b. 










48 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


2. To determine who should solve these problems. 

Exercises 

1. You will find below a list of the chief problems of Porto Rico. In column 2, name 
who is better able to solve each problem, whether the municipal government, the Insular 
or the Federal Government, or the people themselves. Add items, if you can think of 
others. 


Problems 

Who should solve themt 

(1) No insular roads (chief roads) 


(2) No municipal roads (country roads) 


(.8) No amusements 


(4) No labor-saving machines 


(f>) No medical attendance 


(0) Impure water 


(7) People poorly dressed 


(8) People poorly fed 


(9) People affected with diseases 


(10) No police protection 


(11) Low wages 


(12) Markets too far from sources of production 

(13) Means of transportation 



(14) Other means of communication 


n.vi 


(10) 


(171 




























RURAL IMPROVEMENTS 

3. To find out what your municipal government is doing to improve rural conditions. 


49 


Exercises 

1. Indicate what your municipal government is doing in connection with the following 
rural improvements: 

a. Road construction_ 


h. Construction of aqueducts_ 

c. Providing medical attendance 


d. Offering other advantages to the country people 


2. a. Which of the following improvements may be made in the rural sections by the 
municipal government? (Answer “yes” or “no.”) 

_ (1) Establishing postal routes. 

__ (2) Consolidating rural schools. 

_ (3) Building moving-picture theaters. 

_(4) Increasing the wages of the laborers. 

_ (5) Affording police protection. 

b. Give one good reason for each answer. 















50 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


4. To find out what the Insular Government is doing to improve rural conditions. 

Exercises 

1. Indicate what the Insular Government is doing to improve rural conditions along 
the following lines: 

a. Road construction_ 


b. Common diseases 


c. Enforcement of labor laws 


d. Consolidation of rural schools 


e. Affording police protection 

































RURAL IMPROVEMENTS 


51 


/. Offering other advantages to the country people 


2. Alternative. (This exercise may be substituted for Exercise 1, at the option of the 
teacher.) 

Tell briefly what each of the following insular departments and agencies is doing to 
protect the country people and improve rural conditions: 

a. Department of Agriculture 

( 1 )_ 

( 2 ) .. . 

(3)--- 

b. Department of Education 

( 1 )--- 

( 2 ) ____ 

(3)--- 

c. Department of Health 

( 1 ) - 

(2) -i- 

(3) --- 

d. Other departments and agencies 

(1) Police --- 

(2) Courts--- 

(3) Bureau of Weights and Measures- 




















52 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


(4) 

(5) 

( 6 ) 

(7) 

( 8 ) 
(9) 

( 10 ) 


5. To debate the advantages and disadvantages of establishing villages in the rural sections. 

Exercises 


1. Informal debate of above question. 

2. Each one will write down briefly a summary of arguments presented on each side. 


Advantages 

Disadvantages 

(1) 

m 



(21 

(2) 



(3) 

f31 



U) 

(4) 

\ J 


(5) (51 



Supplementary Work 

1. How is the College of Agriculture helping the farmers of Porto Rico? 

2. Meaning and purpose of Farmers’ Associations. 

3. Bringing to class pictures and articles about the life of the rural sections of Porto 
Rico. 




































PART II —THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT 




THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT 


PROJECT X 

To have a general idea of the organization and work of the municipal government. 

Problems 

1. To study briefly the structure of the municipal government. 

2. To study the Mayor, how he is chosen, his powers and duties. 

3. To study briefly the membership, powers, and duties of the Municipal Assembly. 

4. To find the names and duties of other municipal officers. 

1. To study briefly the structure of the municipal government. 

Exercises 

1. The municipal government has three branches: the law-making branch, the execu¬ 
tive branch (which enforces the laws), and the judicial branch. 

After each of the names below, write the name of the branch to which it belongs. 

a. Mayor_, 

b. Municipal Assembly_ 

c. Director of Public Works_. 

d. Municipal Director of Health- 

e. Municipal Court--- 

2. a. Who may sell the Municipal Theater?__ 


b. Who appoints the employees of the municipal government? 


c. What municipal officer takes care of the streets and plazas? 


55 













56 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


2. To study the Mayor, how he is chosen, his powers and duties. 

Exercises 

1. a. Who is the Mayor of your town? _ 


h. How is he chosen? 


c. Name two things he may do 


d. Name two things he must do 


e. Name two things he may not do 


2. a. What is the salary of the Mayor of your town? 
h. Name two officers appointed by him __... 


c. The Mayor of the town wants to sell a municipal building. May he do that? Why? 


3. To study briefly the membership, powers, and duties of the Municipal Assembly. 

Exercises 

1. a. How many members in the Municipal Assembly of: 

(1) Ponce _ (4) Coamo _ 

(2) Barranquitas _ (5) Your town _ 

(3) Guayama_ 























THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT 


57 


b. Explain why they do not have the same number 


2. a. Name three powers of the Municipal Assembly. 

( 1 )- 

( 2 )- 

(3) ------- 

b. (1) May your municipality pass a law to reorganize the postal service?_ 

(2) The police?_ 

(3) The teaching of English in the schools?_ 

4. To find the names and duties of other municipal officers. 

Exercises 

1. In the left column write the names of other municipal officers, besides the Mayor 
and the members of the Municipal Assembly. In the right column tell briefly what each 
one does. 


Other Officers 

What Each One Does 

(1) School Director 


(9!) 


\*V 


W/ 

U) 


vv - 


A u ) 

(6) 


-- 

(7) 


V 1 / -- 























58 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


Other Officers 

What Each One Does 

fS'l 


\'~V 

fQ) 


V' / 

(10) 


\ w / 



Supplementary Work 

1. How are municipalities classified in Porto Rico? 

2. Find out who are the members of the Municipal Assembly of your town. May a 
woman be a member of the Municipal Assembly? 

3. Give a report to the class about the organization and work of the Civil Register. 


THE MAYOR 

PROJECT XI 

To study about the office of mayor. 

Problems 

1. To study the qualifications necessary to be eligible to hold the office of the Mayor. 

2. To see how the Mayor is chosen; when; for how long; how he may be removed 
from office. 

3. To begin studying the powers of the Mayor. 

4. To finish studying the powers of the Mayor. 

5. To study the duties of the Mayor. 

1. To study the qualifications necessary to he eligible to hold the office of the Mayor. 

Exercises 

1. a. Who is the Mayor of your town?_ 


h. How long did he reside in your town before he was chosen for that position? 


c. How old is he? 














THE MAYOR 


59 


d. May a Spaniard be Mayor of your town? 

e. Why or why not? _ 


/. The Mayor of the town of X was born in Seville, Spain. How may he be a Mayor 
in Porto Rico if he was not born here?_,_i_ 


g. Mr. Joaquin Diaz is Mayor at Y, a town in Porto Rico. He was selected for the 
position after having resided in the municipality for six months before the election. Is he 
legally holding the position of Mayor? Give reasons for your answer. 


h. Mr. Juan Sanchez is Mayor at Z , a town in Porto Rico, having resided for two 
years before his election in Limon, one of the barrios of the municipality. Is he legally 
holding the position of Mayor if he complies with the requisites of age and citizenship, 
and knows how to read and write? Give reasons for your answer. 


i. Mr. Isidro Perez is a candidate for Mayor. He went to jail for one month, for a 
minor offense. If he is elected to the office, can he be Mayor of the town? Give reasons 
for your answer? 


























60 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


2. Indicate below five of the qualifications required to be elected Mayor. 

a. ____ 

6 ._ 

c. ___ 

d _1_:___ 

e. _ : ___ 

2. To see how the Mayor is chosen; for how long; when; how he may be removed from 
office. 

Exercises 

1. a. How was the Mayor of your town chosen? _______ 

b. How are Mayors chosen?____ 


c. If a Mayor dies in office, how is the vacancy filled? 


d. In what other ways may the office of Mayor be made vacant, besides by death of 
incumbent? (Name three instances.) 

( 1 ) --.--- 

( 2 ) --.---- 

(3)-- 

e. For how long a term are Mayors chosen?___ 

/. When?_ 

g. What is impeachment?_:_ 























THE MAYOR 


61 


i. Who may impeach the Mayor? 


2. a. Write a short biography of the Mayor of your town. 
b. Illustrate it with his picture. 


The Mayor of My Town 


Paste here 

a -picture of the Mayor 
of your town. 


3. To begin studying the powers of the Mayor. 

Exercises 

1. a. By whom is the school janitor appointed? 


6. The Director of Public Works? 

























62 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


c. The Collector of Internal Revenues? 


d, The Postmaster? 


e. The caretaker of the cemetery? 


2. a. From the answers that you have given above, what kind of officers and employees 
are appointed by the Mayor?_ 


b. Name two other employees appointed by the Mayor 


c. What other powers, besides the appointing power, does a Mayor have? 


4. To finish studying the powers of the Mayor. 

Exercises 

1. Name five other powers of the Mayor. 

























THE MAYOR 


63 


b. 


c. 


d. 


2. a. The Mayor of X asked for funds to build a hospital and the money he collected 
for this purpose never appeared in the accounts of the Municipal Treasury. May he be 
accused of violating the law? 


b. Suppose the Municipal Secretary is lazy and does not do his work properly. How 
may he be removed? ---------------— 


5. To study the duties of the Mayor. 

Exercises 

1. a. How do the inhabitants of a town know the work done by the Mayor? 


b. A school band paid from school funds is being used by order of the Mayor to play 


at public performances. Has he such a right? Give reasons. 




















64 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


c. What are the duties of the Mayor in regard to the budget? 


d. In regard to ordinances approved by the Municipal Assembly and himself, imposing 
penalties?_ 


e. In regard to all ordinances approved by the Municipal Assembly and himself? 


2. Write three duties of the Mayor, 

a. __ 


b. 


c. 


Supplementary Work 

1. Study of the Commission form of city management. 


























rHE MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY I 


65 


THE MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY I 

PROJECT XII 

To begin studying the organization and functions of the Municipal Assembly. 

Problems 

1. To begin studying the classes of municipalities. 

2 . To finish studying the classes of municipalities. 

3 . To study the qualifications necessary for membership in the Municipal Assembly. 

4 . To solve problems dealing with the organization, powers, and duties of the Munici¬ 
pal Assembly. 

5 . To solve problems dealing with the organization, powers, and duties of the Munici¬ 
pal Assembly. 

1. To begin studying the classes of municipalities. 

Exercises 

1. a. Upon what basis are municipalities classified, on population, wealth or size?_ 


6. Into how many classes are municipalities divided in Porto Rico?. 


c. Below are the names of ten municipalities, with their population and wealth. 
Write in the fourth column the class to which each belongs, and give the reason in the fifth. 


Name 

Population 

Wealth 

Class 

Reason 

A 

31,145 

$75,188,400 



B 

33,144 

2,906,137 



c 

15,391 

9,111,166 



D 

26,227 

27,212,870 























66 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


Name 

Population 

Wealth 

Class 

Reason 

E 

7 158 

16,457,101 



F 

22,602 

6,094,100 



G 

36,460 

3,107,116 



H 

18,838 

11,692,428 



I 

27,513 

1,624,209 



J 

42,756 

864,147 




2. To finish studying the classes of municipalities. 

Exercises 

1. How many members in the Municipal Assembly of each class of municipalities? 

First __ Second_ Third _ 

2. Fill out the spaces below for the ten towns given in Exercise 1, indicating the number 
of members in the Municipal Assembly of each town. 


Name 

Class 

Members 

Name 

Class 

Members 

A 



F 



B 



G 



c 



H 



D 



I 



E 



J 










3. To study the qualifications necessary for membership in the Municipal Assembly. 








































THE MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY I 


67 


Exercises 

1. State the qualifications necessary for membership in the Municipal Assembly, as to: 

a. Age__ 

b. Sex_ 

c. Ability to read and write _ 

d. Residence_ 

e. Citizenship . . .. . 

/. Others _;... . . . 

4 . To solve problems dealing with the organization , powers, and duties of the Municipal 
Assembly. 

Exercises 

1. a. What is meant by “quorum”? 


b. What number constitutes a quorum in municipalities of the 

(1) First class? __ (2) Second class? _ (3) Third class? - 

c. The law states that all the sessions of the Municipal Assembly must be held in the 
municipal town hall. Discuss this provision in a paragraph, below. 


















68 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


2. State which of the services given below are rendered by private organizations, 
which by the municipality, which by the Insular Government, and which by the Federal 
Government. 


Services 


Government 


Government 


(1) Post office - 

(2) The church _ 

(3) Public lighting 

(4) The hospital _ 

(5) Waterworks- 


(6) Telephone — 

(7) The telegraph _ 

(8) Lighthouses — 

(9) Plaza concerts 

(10) Theaters_ 


6. To solve problems dealing with the organization powers, and duties of the Municipal 
Assembly. 

Exercises 

1. a. How many municipalities are there in the Island? - 

b. How many belong to each class? 

(1) First _ (2) Second _ (3) Third - 


c. To which class does your municipality belong?-- 

d. What difference would it make if it belonged to either of the other two classes? 


































THE MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY II 


2. a. What is meant by this: “All municipalities have full legislative and adminis¬ 
trative powers in all matters of a purely local nature”?_ 


b. Name five matters of a purely local nature. 

( 1 )- 

(2) --- 

(3) ----- 

(4) - 

(5) - 

Supplementary Work 

1. Make a report of a visit to the municipal jail. 

2. What are the municipal archives? 


THE MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY II 

PROJECT XIII 

To finish studying the organization and functions of the Municipal Assembly. 

Problems 

1. To determine the powers of the Municipal Assembly in regard to the budget and 
the sale of property belonging to the municipality. 

2. To discover the powers of the Municipal Assembly in regard to contracting loans 
and imposing taxes. 

3 . To determine the sources of municipal revenues. 

4 . To solve problems dealing with the powers of the Municipal Assembly. 

5 . To solve problems dealing with the powers of the Municipal Assembly. 















70 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


1. To determine the powers of the Municipal Assembly in regard to the budget and the sale 
of property belonging to the municipality. 

Exercises 

1. a. Who frames the draft of the budget?___ 


b. Who approves it? 


c. When must it be submitted to the Municipal Assembly? 


d. What per cent of the municipal budget should be devoted to education? 


e. Does this amount devoted to school purposes include the “School Tax”? 


/. What is the meaning of “School Tax”? 


2. a. What is the number of votes required to sell municipal property? 


b. How many members of the Municipal Assembly of your town must concur to sell 
any municipal property? ___ _ . . . 


2. To discover the powers of the Municipal Assembly in regard to contracting loans and 
imposing taxes. 
























THE MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY II 


71 


Exercises 

1. a. What majority is required to authorize a loan? 


b. What other limitation is imposed upon the Assembly after the loan is approved 
by it?_____ 


c. Will both requisites apply also to special taxes? _ 

d. Has your municipality contracted any loan in recent years? 


2. Make a list of the works undertaken with money obtained by loans contracted by 
your municipality. 


a. 


b. 


c. 


d. 


e. 


/• 
9 • 


# 


h. 


i. 


j- 

























72 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


3. To determine the sources of municipal revenues. 

Exercises 

1. Name seven sources of municipal revenues. 

a. _ 

b. _ 

c. __________________ 

d ___ 

e. _:_ 

/.-i— 

g. .—_--- 

2. Which of the above are sources of revenue in your municipality? (To indicate them, 
write an X before each letter.) 

4. To solve problems dealing with the powers of the Municipal Assembly. 

Exercises 

1. a. Who must first approve any ordinance of a sanitary class before putting it into 
force? ________ 


b. The Municipal Assembly of X increased the salary of the Mayor and decreased 
those of other officers. What would you say about this proceeding? _ 


2. a. Find out who are the members of your Municipal Assembly. 

( 1 ) - ( 2 ) - 




















THE MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY II 


73 


(3) 

(7) 

(4) 

(8) 

(5) 

- 

'6) 


5 . To solve 'problems dealing with the powers of the Municipal Assembly. 

Exercises 

1. a. May a woman be a member of the Municipal Assembly?_ 


b. A Spaniard has lived in Porto Rico twenty years. May he be a member of the 
Municipal Assembly? Why?___ 


c. What salaries are paid to the members of the Municipal Assembly? 


2. Your municipality passes an ordinance forbidding the throwing of garbage in the 
streets under penalty of a fine of $25 or imprisonment for 10 days. What requisites must 
be fulfilled before the ordinance can take effect? 




























74 PORTO RICO CIVICS 

Supplementary Work 

1. Make a report to the class on the beggars of the municipality. 

2. Secure a copy of an ordinance and study it. 

3. Find out what are the duties of the Municipal Auditor. 


THE SCHOOL DIRECTOR 

PROJECT XIV 

To find out the nature of the work done by the School Director. 


Problems 

1. To find out the name of the present School Director; his salary; when and how 
he was appointed; his term of office. 

2. To find out the qualifications required to become a School Director. 

3 . To enumerate the powers and duties of the School Director. 

4 . To finish enumerating the powers and duties of the School Director. 

5 . To solve problems dealing with the work, powers, and duties of the School Director. 


1. To find out the name of the present School Director; his salary; term of office; when 
and how chosen. 


Exercises 


1. a. Name of School Director _________ 

6. Salary....... . . . ..... 

c. How chosen _____ t ____ 

d. Term of office_ 

2. a. Must the School Director be a resident of the municipality? Give reasons for 

your answer________ 


b. May a teacher in service be a School Director at the same time? Give reasons. 














THE SCHOOL DIRECTOR 


75 


2. To find out the qualifications required to become a School Director. 

Exercises 

1. What qualifications must the School Director have as to: 

a. Age?___ 

b. Sex?______ 

c. Citizenship?____ 

d. Residence? __.___ 

e. Conduct? __ .. __ 

2. Name the different kinds of professionals who may be School Directors. 

a. ________ 

b. ___ 

c. _:... . .. 

d. .. . . . 

e. _______;_________ 

f______ 

3. To enumerate the powers and duties of the School Director. 

Exercises 

1. What are the powers and duties of the School Director in regard to: 

a. School property?----—.—.————-— ---- 

b. Repairs to school property? —---—--*- 

c. Loans for school purposes?----——- 
























76 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


d. Furniture? 


/ 


/ 


e. Janitors? 


4 . To finish enumerating the powers and duties of the School Director. 

Exercises 

1. a. What are the powers of the School Director as to the nomination of teachers? 


b. In regard to the punishment of teachers? 


c. Of pupils? 


2. a. How are the above enumerated powers of the School Director limited? 

























THE SCHOOL DIRECTOR 


77 


b. What teachers are not nominated by the School Director? 


6. To solve 'problems dealing with the work, powers, and duties of the School Director. 

Exercises 

1. The School Director of Jayuya wishes to order school desks at a total cost of $850. 
State the procedure to follow_ 


2. The position of School Director is vacant. The following persons apply: 

_ a. A coffee planter. 

_ b. A high-school graduate. 

_ c. A former teacher. 

_ d. A former Mayor who has no degree or diploma. 

_ e. A poet who did not complete the sixth grade. 





















78 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


Indicate by a “yes” or a “no” before each name whether these candidates are, or are 
not, qualified to fill the position. 

Supplementary Work 

1. Enumerate the recent improvements made in the schools. 

2. Formulate a schedule of work for the janitor. 

3. Find out what was the work of the former school boards. 

THE SCHOOL DISTRICT 

PROJECT XV 

To find out how the school district is organized. 

Problems 

1. To determine the extent of the school district, the number of towns included in it, 
and the number of teachers of each class. 

2 . To find out the salaries of all classes of teachers and the general work of each class. 

3 . To study the work of the Supervisor of Schools. 

4 . To finish studying the work of the Supervisor of Schools. 

5 . To study the work of the school janitor. 

1. To determine the extent of the school district , the number of towns included in it, and 
the number of teachers of each class. 

Exercises 

1. a. How many towns in your school district?_ 

b. Name them_ 


2. Give below the number of teachers of each class in your town. 

a. Rural teachers______ 

b. Urban elementary teachers_-__ 

c. Continuation and high school teachers_ 

d. Special teachers_ 












THE SCHOOL DISTRICT 

2. To find out the salaries of all classes of teachers and the general work of each class. 


79 


Exercises 

1. Indicate below the salary per month of each class of teachers, and give a brief 
description of their work. 


Class 

Salary 

Description of Duties 

(1) Rural 



(2) Crndpid 



(3) Hieh 



J - J - A e> AA - 

(4) Acting Principal _ 

(5) English 





(6) Manual Training _ 

(7) Domestic Science 

fS') ApTinilture 







(9) Physical Training 

(10) 









3 . To study the work of the Supervisor of Schools. 

Exercises 

1. Name five duties of the Supervisor of Schools in connection with the work of the 
pupils. 

a. __——-— -——--——-—■- 

h. ___—-*- 


c. 


d. 


e. 

































80 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


2. State five duties of the Supervisor of Schools in connection with the Department of 
Education. 


b. 


c. 


d. 


4. To finish studying the work of the Supervisor of Schools. 

Exercises 

1. Mention five things that the Supervisor of Schools has to do in connection with 
parents. 


a. 


b. 


c. 


d. 


2. Name five activities of the Supervisor in connection with his work outside the 
schools. 


a. 


b. 


c. 


d. 





















THE SCHOOL DISTRICT 


81 


5. To study the work of the school janitor. 

Exercises 

1. Name ten duties of the school janitor. 


a. 


h. 


c. 


d. 


e. 


/. 

9- 

h. 


j • 


2. Write down some rules and regulations for the janitor to follow, if approved by the 
proper authorities. 


Rules and Regulations for Janitors 



























82 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


Supplementary Work 

1. Discuss the topic “How Can the Pupils Help the Janitor in His Work?” 

2. What class of teacher would you like to be and why? 

3. Debate: Resolved: That the school district should consist of only one town. 


THE SCHOOL BUDGET 

PROJECT XVI 

To study the municipal school budget. 


Problems 

1. To study how the school budget is apportioned among the different school needs. 

2 . To study the part of the budget that refers to supplies, salaries of municipal teachers 
and of municipal school employees. 

3 . To study the part of the budget which refers to the salaries of janitors and care 
of school property and buildings. 

4. To study the part of the budget which refers to new equipment and new buildings. 

5 . To study the part of the budget that refers to auxiliary agencies. 

1. To study how the school budget is apportioned among the different school needs. 

Exercises 

1. a. Indicate below the names of the five main items in the municipal school budget. 
( 1 )- 

















THE SCHOOL BUDGET 


83 


(2)______ 

(3) - 

(4) - 

(5) -:_-___-_ 

b. Indicate to the right of each the per cent (approximately) that each is of the whole 
budget. 

2. Indicate two items which are at present in the Insular budget and which, in your 
opinion, should be in the municipal budget: 


a. 


b. 


2 . To study the part of the budget that refers to supplies, salaries of municipal teachers 
and of municipal school employees. 


Exercises 

1. a. What amount is spent in supplies? _ 


b. Name some of the supplies bought 


2. a. List below the teachers who receive their salary from municipal school funds. 
(Use A, B, C, for the names.) 

( 1 ) ----—- 

(2)- 

(3) ---=-- 

(4) _-.-—-*- 























84 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


(5) ---- 

(6) - 

b. Indicate below the names and salaries of municipal employees paid from municipal 
school funds, such as the School Director, clerks, etc. Do not include the janitors. 

( 1 ) --__- 

( 2 )------ 

(3) --------- 

(4) ------- 

(5) _-,--- 

( 6 ) -- 

(7) - 

( 8 ) -----------—--- - ■ 


3. To study the part of the budget which refers to the salaries of janitors and the care of 
school property and school buildings. 


Exercises 

1. a. Indicate below the names and salaries of the janitors. 

( 1 ) --- 

( 2 )---- 

(3) - 

(4) - 

(5) --- 

( 6 ) - — • ■ -- ---- 

(7) -----_ 

b. Name the school buildings and school playgrounds in the municipality. 
( 1 )-----:--- 






























THE SCHOOL BUDGET 


85 


(2)---- 

(3) - 

(4) ____ 

(5) -—....- _—- 

2. Discuss briefly how the school property is taken care of. 

How the School Property is Taken Care of 


4. To study that part of the budget which refers to new equipment and new buildings. 

Exercises 

1. Indicate below the amounts appropriated for additional equipment. 



































86 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


C._:_ 

d. ___ 

e. _ 

2. Indicate below the amounts appropriated for new buildings. 

a. _ 

b. _. 

c. _ : _ 

d _ 

6. To study that part of the budget that refers to auxiliary agencies. 

Exercises 

1. Indicate the amounts appropriated for the following agencies and others not given 
below. 

a. School band (Salary of instructor, purchase of instruments, supplies, etc.)_ 


b. Dental clinic (Salary of dentist, purchase of instruments, supplies) 


c. Agriculture (Teacher of agriculture, travelling expenses, seeds, etc.)_ 





















SCHOOLS I 87 

d. Playgrounds and athletic supplies (Equipment, travelling expenses of instructors, 


etc.) 


e. Lunchrooms 


/• 


h. 


Supplementary Work 

1. Have the School Director or the Municipal Treasurer explain to the class the 
different parts of the budget. 

2. To have each pupil make an individual budget of his expenses. 

3. To prepare a budget to provide the school building with the things it needs most. 


SCHOOLS I 

PROJECT XVII 

To begin studying the organization and work of the schools of Porto Rico. 

Problems 

1. To determine the advantages of an education. 

2. To find out the school facilities within the reach of every boy and girl in Porto Rico. 

3. To compare the facilities for education now existing in Porto Rico with those in 
1900. 




















88 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


4. To find out how education is financed in Porto Rico. 

5. To find out how the municipal, the Insular, and the Federal governments are 
helping to educate the people. 


1. To determine the advantages of an education. 

Exercises 

1. Write one or two paragraphs telling the advantages of an education. 


Advantages of an Education 


2. Name five men or women in your community who have been very successful be¬ 
cause of a complete education. 


















SCHOOLS I 


89 


c. - - e. _ 

d . .. 

2. To find out the school facilities within the reach of every boy and girl in Porto Rico. 


Exercises 

1. Which of the following educational facilities are provided in your municipality, 
or in the Island of Porto Rico? 


Educational Facilities 

Places in Porto Rico where they are provided 

Common Schools 

(1) Rural schools 


(2) Piementary urban schools 


(3) Private elementary schools 


(4) Night schools 


Higher Education 

(1) Continuation schools 


(2) High schools 


(3) University 


(4) Livening high schools 


Vocational 

(1) Industrial °r trade sehools 


(2) Rusincss schools 


(3) Art schools 


(4) Agricultural sehools 

























90 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


Educational Facilities 

Places in Porto1lico where they are provided 

Special 

(1) Reformatory schools 


(2) Sunday schools 


(3) Schools for illiterates 


(4) Schools for the deaf 


(S') Schools for the blind 


Other Means 

(1) Daily, weekly and monthly press 


(2) Libraries 


(3) Theaters 


(4^) Churches 


(fi) Other clubs and societies 





3. To compare the facilities for education now existing in Porto Rico with those in 1900. 


Exercises 

1. Use numbers, if available, to fill the spaces below. 


Educational Facilities 

1900 

192 

Common Schools 

(1) Rural schools 



(2) Elementary urban schools 



(3) Private elementary schools 



(4) Night schools 






























SCHOOLS I 


91 


Educational Facilities 

1900 

192 

Higher Education 

(1) Continuation schools 



(2) High schools 



{'3') University 



(4) Evening high schools 



Vocational 

(1) Industrial or trade schools 



(2) Business schools 



(3) Art schools 



(4) Agricultural schools 



Special 

(1) Reformatory schools 



(2) Sunday schools 



(3) Schools for illiterates 



(4) Schools for the deaf 



(A) Schools for the blind 



Other Means 

(1) Daily, weekly and monthly press _ 

(2) libraries 





(3) Theaters 



(4) Churches 



(5) Other clubs and societies 
































b. What part of the municipal budget must be devoted to education? 


c. What per cent approximately of the Insular budget has been devoted to education 
in the last four years? 

(1) 1926 ___. 

(2) 1927 __ 

(3) 1928 _ 

(4) 1929 ___ 

2. State the sources of income for education in Porto Rico. 

a. -.—-.— -.- 

b. ____ 

c. ---- 

d. _ 


6. To find out how the municipal, Insular, and Federal governments are helping to edu¬ 
cate the people. 

Exercises 

1. State briefly how the municipalities are helping to finance education in Porto Rico. 

















SCHOOLS II 


93 


2. State briefly how the Insular Government is helping to finance education in Porto 
Rico. ___ . . . .. 


Additional: State briefly how the Federal Government is helping to finance education 
in Porto Rico.____ 


Supplementary Work 

1. Find out all you can about the Bureau of Education at Washington. 

2. Find out all you can about a special tax imposed by the municipality of San Juan 
to pay teachers’ salaries. 

3. Find out about the work of the Bureau of Extension and Examinations of the 
Department of Education of Porto Rico. 


SCHOOLS II 
PROJECT XVIII 

To finish studying the organization and work of the schools of Porto Rico. 

Problems 

1. To study the types of schools found in Porto Rico. 

2. To examine the provisions of the school laws that refer to age at entrance, attendance, 
and behavior of children. 

















94 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


3. To study the work of the elementary schools. 

4. To pass briefly over the work of the high schools. 

5. To pass briefly over the work of the different colleges of the University of Porto 
Rico. 

1. To study the types of schools found in Porto Rico. 

Exercises 

1. From the preceding project, state the types of schools in your municipality. 

a. Elementary___ 

b. Continuation and high___ 

c. College or University __:- 


Give the names of the private schools in your municipality. 


2. To examine the provisions of the school laws that refer to age at entrance, attendance, 
and behavior of children. 

Exercises 

1. Copy below what the school laws say about school age and about compulsory 
school age. 
















SCHOOLS II 


95 


2. a. What do the school laws say about the regular attendance of a pupil who has 
been enrolled? ____ 


b. What do the school laws say about the behavior of an enrolled pupil? 


3. To study the work of the elementary schools. 

Exercises 

1. a. How many grades are there in the elementary urban schools?_ 

b. In the rural schools? --_____ 

2. a. Indicate the subjects .taught in each of the eight grades of the elementary schools. 

(1) First__ ’ _1_._ 


(2) Second 


























96 PORTO RICO CIVICS 

(3) Third_ 


(4) Fourth 


(5) Fifth 


(6) Sixth 


(7) Seventh 


(8) Eighth 


b. What subject do you like most?__Why? 


4. To pass briefly over the work of the high schools. 

Exercises 

1. Four purposes of education are given as follows: 

a. To improve one’s health; b. To help one earn a living; c. To help one be a good 
citizen; d. To help one to appreciate and enjoy life. Which of these four purposes would 
you have in mind if you studied the following high-school subjects? 


(1) Algebra 
























SCHOOLS II 


97 


(2) Music ____ 

(3) Physical Training . _ 

(4) Enghsh __1_ 

(5) Civics __ 

2. Besides the five subjects mentioned above, what other subjects are taught in the 
high school? 

a. - /.- 

b -:- g - 

c. _ h. _ 

d. _ i. _ 

e. - j. - 


5. To pass briefly over the work of the different colleges of the University of Porto Rico. 

Exercises 

1. What is the purpose of each one of the following University courses? 

a. Agriculture - - - 

b. Business Administration--—- 

c. Pharmacy __—- 

d. Engineering- 

e. Education--- 

/. Liberal Arts- 

2. To which of these colleges would you like to go when you graduate from high 


school? Give reasons for your answer 

























98 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


Supplementary Work 

1. The work of the kindergartens. 

2. Secure a copy of the school laws. 

3. The work of Manual Training and Domestic Science. 






PART III —THE INSULAR GOVERNMENT 






CITIZENSHIP 


PROJECT XIX 

To study the rights and duties of citizens and how foreigners may become citizens. 

Problems 

1. To find out who is a citizen of the United States and to enumerate some of his 
rights. 

2. To study the methods by which foreigners may become citizens. 

3. To classify noted persons as good or bad citizens. 

4. To study the question of immigration. 

5. To learn by heart the Oath of Allegiance to the Flag. 

1. To find out who is a citizen of the United States and to enumerate some of his rights. 

Exercises 

1. Find out in the Constitution of the United States the definition of a citizen. (See 
Amendment 14, Section 1.)’ Copy it and learn it by heart. 


2. Enumerate five rights of the citizen. (See the Constitution, Amendments 1 to 10.) 


a. 


b. 


c. 


d. 


101 















102 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


2. To study the methods by which foreigners may become citizens. 

Exercises 

1. a. According to the above definition of a citizen, in what two ways may a person 
become a citizen? 

( 1 ) -- 

( 2 )--- 

b. Define naturalization. 


2. The following are the steps by which a foreigner becomes a citizen. Number 
them in the order in which they should appear. 

_ He must appear before a court to take an oath. 

_ He must make a petition to become a citizen. 

_ He must declare his intention to become a citizen. 

_ He must prove his ability to read and write. 

_ He must take an examination before a judge. 

3. To classify noted persons as good or bad citizens. 

Exercises 

1. Classify as good or bad citizens, and give reasons for your answers. 

a. George Washington___ 


b. Robert E. Lee 


c. Napoleon Bonaparte 














CITIZENSHIP 


103 


d. Benedict Arnold 

e. Nathan Hale_ 

/. Alfred Smith_ 

g. Bluebeard _ 

h. Roger Williams 

i. Cofresi_ 

j. Mussolini _ 


4. To study the question of immigration. 

Exercises 

1. Explain the difference between emigration and immigration. 

a. Emigration- : - 

b. Immigration -——- 

2. Name two limitations put on persons wishing to emigrate from Europe to America. 

a. ------ 21 - 

b. ---- 






















104 PORTO RICO CIVICS 

5. To learn by heart the Oath of Allegiance to the Flag . 


I pledge allegiance to my flag and to the Republic for which it stands; one nation indi¬ 
visible, with liberty and justice for all. 

Supplementary Work 

1. Clip pictures of the flags used at Concord, Bunker Hill, Cambridge. 

2. Trace the history of the flag, since Betsy Ross made the first one. 

3. How did the Cambridge flag resemble the British commercial flag? 


POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS 

PROJECT XX 

To study political parties and elections. 

Problems 

1. To define political parties, to determine their purposes, and to name the chief political 
parties in the United States. 

2. To learn the meaning of certain terms that refer to the methods and the work of 
political parties. 

3. To find out the qualifications for voters in Porto Rico. 

4. To study the results of the last general elections in the United States and in Porto 
Rico. 

5. To write a paper on the topic “Advantages and Disadvantages of Party Govern¬ 
ment.” 


1. To define political parties, to determine their purposes, and to name the chief political 
parties in the United States. 

Exercises 

1. a. Find in the dictionary or in some other book a definition of a political party and 
copy it below. 


b. Name the chief two political parties in the United States. 


(1) - 






POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS 105 

c. In Porto Rico. 

( 1 ) -____ 

( 2 ) __ 

d. What other parties besides the chief two can you name in the United States? 

( 1 ) _—_ 

( 2 ) -!_ 

( 3 ) -- 

2. State two purposes of political parties. 


b. 


2. To know the meaning of certain terms that refer to the work and methods of political 
parties . 


1. Define the following: 
a. Primary_1_ 


Exercises 


b. Boss 


c. Nomination 


d. Election 


e. Ballot 























106 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 




2. Define: 

a. Platform 


b. Plank 


c. Party Convention 


d. Issue 


3. To find out the qualifications for voters in Porto Rico. 

Exercises 

1. What are the qualifications for voters in Porto Rico as to: 

a. Age?_ 

b. Citizenship?_ 

c. Residence?_;_:_ 

d. Education? _ 

e. Sex? __ 

/. Conduct?_ 

g. Wealth?_i_ 


2. Do women have the same electoral rights as men in Porto Rico? 



















POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS 107 

4. To study the results of the last general elections in the United States and in Porto Rico. 

Exercises 

1. a. From what party was the President elected? _ 


b. Out of the 531 electoral votes, how many corresponded to: 

(1) Republican Party? _ 

(2) Democratic Party?_ 

(3) Other parties? _ 

Total. 531 

c. How is the Congress of the United States made up? 

(1) House 

(a) Republicans_ 

( b ) Democrats_ 

(c) Others_ 

Total. 435 

(2) Senate 

(а) Republicans - 

(б) Democrats _ 

(c) Others -- 

Total. 96 

2. How is the Legislature of Porto Rico made up? 
a. Senate 

(1) Alianza .- 

(2) Coalition - 

Total. 19 


















108 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


House 


(1) Alianza 


(2) Coalition 


Total .... 

.. 39 


5. To write a paragraph on the topic given below. 

Advantages and Disadvantages of Party Government 


Supplementary Work 

1. Secure a copy of one of the ballots used in the last elections. Discuss it. 

2. Find all you can about the Australian Ballot System. 

3. Find all you can about Tammany Hall. 


















THE INSULAR GOVERNMENT 


109 


THE INSULAR GOVERNMENT 

PROJECT XXI 

To study the organization and work of the Insular Government. 

Problems 

1. To study the general organization of the Government of Porto Rico and the work 
of each branch. 

2. To study the organization and work of the Legislature of Porto Rico. 

3. To study the work of the Governor of Porto Rico. 

4. To study the work of the courts of Porto Rico. 

5. To study the work of other governmental agencies. 


1. To study the general organization of the Government of Porto Rico and the work of each 
branch. 


Exercises 

1. Find out what work is done by each of the following: 

a. Governor_ 


b. Legislature of Porto Rico 


c. Courts 















110 PORTO RICO CIVICS 

2. Of which branch of the government, the executive, the legislative or the judicial 
are the following the duties? 

a. Arresting a criminal_—- 

b. Punishing a criminal_1- 

c. Appropriating money for a school building___ 

d. Providing the machinery to collect the taxes___ 

e. Collecting the taxes. .. 

2. To study the organization and work of the Legislature of Porto Rico. 

Exercises 

1. a. How many houses in the Legislature? 

(1) _„_. Number of members _ 

(2) _ Number of members ___ 

b. Names of presiding officers. 

(1) -:- 

(2) -—-- 

2. a. Name five things that the Legislature may do. 

(1) - 

(2) - 

(3) - 

(4) - 

(5) - 

b. Name three things that the Legislature may not do. 

(1) -,- 

(2) . ..- - -—- 

(3)- 





















THE INSULAR GOVERNMENT 


111 


3. To study the work of the Governor of Porto Rico . 

Exercises 

1. a. Name five things that the Governor may do. 
( 1 ) - 

( 2 ) - 

( 3 ) - 

( 4 ) ---.- 

( 5 ) ----- 


b. Name two things that the Governor may not do. 
( 1 ) —- 

( 2 ) ---.- 


2. a. What is the purpose of the Governor's Annual Report? 


b. Secure a copy of the Governor’s Report. Indicate below five items treated in the 
report. 






















112 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


4. To study the work of the courts of Porto Rico. 

Exercises 

1. a. Name the different kinds of courts in Porto Rico. 

(1) _ (4) - 

(2) - (5) - 

(3) - 

b. Which of these are found in your municipality: 

(1) - (2) - 

2. a. What cases are tried by the justices of the peace? 


b. By the municipal courts? 


5. To study the work of other governmental agencies. 

Exercises 

1. Describe briefly the work of the following agencies: 
a. Bureau of Weights and Measures __ 


b. Carnegie Library 
























THE INSULAR GOVERNMENT 


113 


c. Board of Medical Examiners 


d. Civil Service Commission 


e. Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation 


/. Boys’ Charity School 


g. Quarantine Hospital 


h. Bureau of Labor 


i. Public-Service Commission 


j. Executive Council 































114 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


Supplementary Work 

1. Pasting clippings of activities of the Government, taken from daily or weekly 
papers. 

2. Comparison of the organization of the Insular and the municipal governments. 

3. Cutting and pasting pictures of the Capitol of Porto Rico, the Governor, the Presi¬ 
dent of the Senate, the Speaker of the House, your District Court, etc. 


THE GOVERNOR OF PORTO RICO 

PROJECT XXII 

To study the work of the Governor of Porto Rico. 

Problems 

1. To inquire who the present Governor of Porto Rico is, how he is chosen, his term of 
office, his salary, and his official residence. 

2. To study the pardon and appointing powers of the Governor. 

3. To study other duties and powers of the Governor. 

4. To study the Governor’s Annual Report. 

5. To write a biography of the present Governor. 

1. To inquire who the present Governor of Porto Rico is, how he is chosen, his term of office, 
his salary, and his official residence. 

Exercises 

1. a. Who is the present Governor of Porto Rico? __ 


h. Who appointed him? - - - 

For how long? -'___ 

c. What is his salary? ___:__:_ . . 

d. Where is his official residence? __ 

2. Write down the names of all the Governors of Porto Rico since the American 
occupation. 











THE GOVERNOR OF PORTO RICO 


115 


a. 


/. 


b. 


g • 


c. 


h. 


d. 


e. 


i- 


2. To sfatcfa/ the pardon and appointing powers of the Governor. 

Exercises 

1. What does the Organic Law say about the pardoning power of the Governor of 
Porto Rico? _ 


2. a. What officers in your town have been appointed by the Governor? 


( 1 ) 

( 2 ) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 


b. Name ten officers appointed by the Governor, five of whom work in San Juan. 

(1) --- (4) - 

(2) -- (5) - 

(3) ___ (6) - 





























PORTO RICO CIVICS 


116 

(7) 

( 8 ) 

3. To study other duties and powers of the Governor. 

Exercises 

1. What are the powers and duties of the Governor in connection with the following: 
a. Executive heads of departments?_ 


h. Pardons against the laws of the United States? 


(9) 

( 10 ) 


c. Execution of the laws of Porto Rico? 


d. National Guard? 


e. Execution of the laws of the United States? 


/. Veto power? 


g. Cases of rebellion? 

























THE GOVERNOR OF PORTO RICO 


117 


h. Judges of district courts? 


i. Suspension of habeas corpus? 


j. Annual report? 


4. To study the Governor’s Annual Report. 

Exercises 

1. a. Name ten items of the Governor’s Annual Report. 
( 1 )- 

( 2 )-:- 

( 3 ) -—- 

( 4 ) -—- 

( 5 ) -— 

( 6 ) -- 

( 7 ) --- 


(8) 























118 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 

(9) - 

( 10 ) - 

2. Give two reasons why the Governor should render a report annually. 


a. 


b. 


6. To write a biography of the present Governor. 

The Governor of Porto Rico 


Supplementary Work 

1. Meaning and purpose of Pardon Boards. 

2. Pictures of La Fortaleza. 

3. The process to be followed in obtaining a pardon. 



















THE COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION 


119 


THE COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION 

PROJECT XXIII 
To study the work of the Commissioner of Education. 

Problems 

1. To inquire the name of the present incumbent, how he was selected, his term of 
office, and his salary. 

2. To find the general powers of the Commissioner of Education, as determined by 
the Organic Law. 

3. To study the other powers and duties of the Commissioner of Education. 

4. To study the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Education. 

5. To write a biography of the present Commissioner of Education. 


1. To inquire the name of the present incumbent, how he was selected, term of office, and 
salary. 


Exercises 


1. a. Who is the present Commissioner of Education of Porto Rico? 


b. How was he chosen?_._ 

c. For how long? _ 

d. What is his salary?- 

2. Give the names of all the Commissioners of Education of Porto Rico, since the 
American occupation. 


a. 


e. 


b. 


/• 


c. - g • 

d _:_ h. 


2. To find the general powers of the Commissioner of Education, as determined by the 
Organic Law. 















120 PORTO RICO CIVICS 

Exercises 

1. Write what the Organic Law (Section 17) says about the powers of the Com¬ 
missioner of Education in regard to: 

a. Supervision of instruction _ 


b. Disbursements 


c. Courses of study 


d. Selection of teachers 


e. Teachers appointed by school boards 


3. To find other powers and duties of the Commissioner of Education of Porto Rico. 

Exercises 

1. a. What are the powers and duties of the Commissioner of Education as a member 
of the Board of Trustees of the University? __ 


b. Of the Carnegie Library? 


c. Of the Teachers’ Pension Board? 



















THE COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION 


121 


2. Name other powers with which he is vested by law. 

a. ___ 

b. . - . _ 

c. ___ 

4. To study the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Education. 

Exercises 

1. Name ten items in the Commissioner’s Annual Report. 

a. _ 

b. _ 

c. _ 

d. _ 

e. _ 

f 

J --- 

g. - r -- 

h. _ 

i. -:- 

j. -----;- 


2. Compare the figures for 1900 and 1925 on the four items given below. 


Items 

1900 

1925 

(1) Enrollment 



(2) Buildiners 



1 UllViXllgU .— ■ - 

No of rmal schools 



V fj J VJ • vl 1 Ui CIX kJVllVJV/XU — ■' ■ — -- — — 

(A\ Nn r»f hich schools 



It: j i U • Ui iiifc.li kJviiuuio --—--—- 



























122 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


5. To write a biography of the present Commissioner of Education. 

The Commissioner of Education 


Supplementary Work 

1. Different reports presented by the Commissioner of Education. 

2. Education in Porto Rico, Vol. 4, 1929, by Mr. Francisco Vizcarrondo. 

3. Pictures and clippings from the daily, weekly, and monthly press. 





















THE UNIVERSITY OF PORTO RICO 


123 


THE UNIVERSITY OF PORTO RICO 
PROJECT XXIV 

To study the organization and work of the University of Porto Rico. 

Problems 

1. To study the general organization of the University of Porto Rico. 

2. To study the work of the different colleges of the University, located at Rio Piedras. 

3. To study the work of the School of Tropical Medicine. 

4. To study the work of the College of Agriculture at Mayaguez. 

5. To debate the question: Resolved: That a mechanical engineer has more chances 
than a teacher to earn a living in Porto Rico. 


1. To study the general organization of the University of Porto Rico. 

Exercises 

1. Give a brief history of the growth of the University of Porto Rico 

















PORTO RICO CIVICS 


-— - 

2. a. Name three advantages offered by the University of Porto Rico. 

( 1 ) ---- 

( 2 ) - 

(3) --- 

b. Where is the University located? - -—- 

c. Name some of its buildings --- 


d. Who directs the University? 


2. To study the work of the different colleges of the University, located at Rio Piedras. 

Exercises 

1. What is the purpose of each of the following colleges? 

a. Liberal Arts -- — -—- 

b. Pharmacy -—--- 

c. Law -- - - -—-- * -- 

d. Education -—---- : - 

e. Business Administration_ ____ : ---j 

2. What service is rendered by each of the following? 


a. The Practice School 





























THE UNIVERSITY OF PORTO RICO 


125 


6. The University High School 


c. The Summer Session 


3. To study the work of the School of Tropical Medicine. 

Exercises 

1. a. Where is the School of Tropical Medicine? __ 


h. Who supports it? 


c. Give three purposes of the School of Tropical Medicine. 
( 1 ) - 

( 2 ) - 

(3) - 


2. Write a short statement on the life of Dr. Bailey Ashford. 
























126 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


4. To study the work of the College of Agriculture at Mayaguez. 

Exercises 

1. What is the purpose of each of the following courses? 

a. Agriculture _ 


b. Chemical Engineering 


c. Civil Engineering 


d. Electrical Engineering 


e. Mechanical Engineering 


6. To debate the question: Resolved: That a mechanical engineer has more chances than 
a teacher to earn a living in Porto Rico. 

Exercises 


1. Note, before beginning the debate, five arguments on each side. 


In favor of the engineer 

In favor of the teacher 

m 

m 

V / 

(2) 

(2) 

V / 

( 3 ) 

(Z) 

(A) 

(A) 

(M 

( 5 ) 

\ v / 


























127 


THE LEGISLATURE OF PORTO RICO 
Supplementary Work 

1. Pictures of the University. 

2. Clippings about the University taken from the daily press. 

3. The 1929 Yearbook of the University of Porto Rico. 


THE LEGISLATURE OF PORTO RICO 
PROJECT XXV 

To study the purpose, organization and work of the Legislature of Porto Rico. 

Problems 

1. To see how the Legislature of Porto Rico is organized. 

2. To study the organization and work of the Senate of Porto Rico. 

3. To study the organization and work of the House of Representatives of Porto Rico. 

4. To study some of the most important powers and duties of the Legislature of Porto 
Rico. 

5. To see how a bill becomes a law. 

1. To see how the Legislature of Porto Rico is organized. 

Exercises 

1. a. Why do we have a legislature? Give three reasons. 

( 1 ) ---- ---' 

( 2 ) ----- ---- 

( 3 ) --- --’- 

h. How many branches?- —-—-- 

c. How many members in each branch? 

(1)-----— 

( 2 )--- : ---- 

d. How chosen? (Manner and districts) ---- 1 






















128 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


e. Salaries. 


2. a. Place of meeting_ 

b. Names of presiding officers 

( 1 )--- 

( 2 )--- 

c. Date of meeting______________. 

d. Work of chief committees 

(1) Ways and Means __ 

(2) -- 

( 3 ) - 

( 4 ) - 

(5) - 

2. To study the organization and work of the Senate of Porto Rico. 

Exercises 

1. a. Number of members _ 

b. Names of members (By districts) 























THE LEGISLATURE OF PORTO RICO 


129 



( 1 ) - — 

(2) ---- 

(3) -:- 

(4) -!- 

2. Powers of the Senate. 

a. ___ 

b. ___ 


c. 



























130 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


3. To study the organization and work of the House of Representatives of Porto Rico. 

Exercises 


1. a. Number of members _ 

b. Write below the names of members by districts. 


(1) 

(211 

(2) 

(22) 

(3) 

(231 

(4) 

(24) 

(51 

(20) 

(6) 

(2fi1 

(71 

(27) 

(81 

(28) 

(9) 

(29) 

nm 

(30) 

mi 

ran 

(121 

(321 

(13) 

(33) 

(14) 

(34) ' 

(15) 

(35) 

(16) 

At large 

(17) 

(36) 

(i8i 

(37) 

(191 

(38) 

(20) 

(39) 
















































THE LEGISLATURE OF PORTO RICO 


131 


c. Name of presiding officer? 

d. Qualifications for membership in the of House of Representatives. 

( 1 ) - 

(2) - 

(3) - 

( 4 ) - 

2. Powers of the House? 

a. _ 

b. _ 

c. ___ 

d _ 

4. To study some of the most important powers and duties of the Legislature of Porto Rico. 

Exercises 

1. How can both houses, or either of them, legislate in connection with the following 
matters? (Give reasons.) 

a. Confirming the appointments made by the Governor -- 

b. Imposing a tax on incomes over $2,000 -—- 

c. Imposing a tax on all the coffee exported from Porto Rico -- 


d. Appropriating money to build roads 



















132 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


e. Reorganizing the transportation of the mail 


/. Appropriating money to build more schools 


g. Imposing a tax on a watch coming from Switzerland 


h. Granting free a building lot to the “Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to 
Animals” _ 


i. Organizing an army 


j. Confirming appointments made by the President of the United States 


5. To see how a hill becomes a law. 


Exercises 

1. The following are the steps by which a bill becomes a law. Number them in the 
right order. 

_Approved by the other house. 

A mended by the committee. 






















THE COURTS 


133 


_Approved by the Governor. 

_Introduced in the house by a member. 

-Finally approved by both houses after conference. 

_Referred to the proper committee. 

-Approved by the house where it originated. 

-Referred to a committee of conference. 

_Sent to the other house. 

_Sent to the Governor. 

-First reading by Secretary in house where it originated. 

-Returned to house where it originated, with amendments. 

Supplementary Work 

1. Secure a copy of a bill. 

2. Write the draft for a bill. 

3. Origin of the clause stating that all appropriation bills should originate in the lower 
house. 


THE COURTS 

PROJECT XXVI 

To study the organization and functions of the courts in Porto Rico. 

Problems 

1. To learn the meaning of some of the most important terms used in connection with 
the work of the courts. 

2. To make a brief study of the work of the municipal and district courts. 

3. To study briefly the work of the Supreme Court of Porto Rico and of the Federal 
Court. 

4. To dramatize a civil case in a court. 

5. To finish dramatizing a civil case in a court. 

1. To learn the meaning of some of the most important terms used in connection with the 
work of the courts. 

Exercises 

1. After each word or phrase below, write the meaning as given in the dictionary or by 
the teacher. 


a. Civil case 











134 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


b. Criminal case 


c. Plaintiff 


d. Defendant 


e. Grand jury 


2. a. Petit jury 


b. Guilty 


c. Summon 


d. Parole 

























THE COURTS 


135 


e. Habeas Corpus 


2. To make a brief study of the work of the municipal and district courts. 

Exercises 

1. Municipal court. 

a. Officers___ 


b. How chosen 


c. Term of office 


d. Salaries 


e. Jurisdiction . 

( 1 ) - 

(2) - 

(3) - 

2. District court. 


a. Officers 





















136 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


b. How chosen 


c. Term of office 


d. Salaries 


e. Location _ 

/. Jurisdiction 

( 1 ) _ 

( 2 ) - 

(3) - 

(4) - 


3. To study briefly the work of the Supreme Court of Porto Rico and of the Federal Court. 

Exercises 

1. Supreme Court. 

a. Members_ 


b. Names of present members 


c. Other officers 



























THE COURTS 


137 


d. How chosen 


e. Salaries 


/. Jurisdiction 

( 1 ) - 

( 2 ) - 

( 3 ) - 

( 4 ) - 

2. Federal Court. 

a. Officers_ 


b. How chosen 


c. Salaries 


d. Jurisdiction 

( 1 )- 

( 2 )- 

























138 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


4. To dramatize a civil case in a court , 

Exercises 

Note: The details as to organization and proceedings are left to the good judgment 
of the teacher. The local judge or any other member of the court may help in this con¬ 
nection. 

While the case is being tried, pupils should take notes for the purpose of writing a 
summary in their workbooks. 


5. To finish dramatizing a civil case in a court. 

See Note for Problem No. 4. 

Exercises 

1. Write a brief summary of the case, using the words civil case, judge, jury, witnesses 
and secretary. 




















TAXATION 139 

Supplementary Work 

1. A visit to the Municipal Court. 

2. A four-minute talk by the judge or the secretary of a court about the work of 
the municipal courts in Porto Rico. 

3. How children are tried and punished. 


TAXATION 

PROJECT XXVII 

Why the government needs money and how the money collected from taxes is spent. 


Problems 

1. Why does the municipal government need money and how does it spend the money 
collected from taxes? 

2. Why does the Insular Government need money and how does it spend the money 
collected from taxes? 

3. Why does the Federal Government need money and how does it spend the money 
collected from taxes? 

4. To study the different kinds of taxes. 

5. To study a tax receipt. 


1. Why does the municipal government need money and how does it spend the money 
collected from taxes ? 

Exercises 

1. a. Indicate five reasons why the municipal government needs money. 

( 1 ) —----*_ 

( 2 ) ---*- 

(3) -—- 

(4) -----*- 

(5) --*--*- 

h. Get a copy of the municipal budget and study it. 

2. From a study of the municipal budget, find out the amount to be spent in the follow¬ 
ing items. 








140 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


Items 

Appropriations 

(1) Public schools 


(2) Salaries — All employees- 

(3) Parks and playgrounds 



(4) Public health service 





2. Why does the Insular Government need money and how does it spend the money collected 
from taxes? 

Exercises 

1. a. Indicate five reasons why the Insular Government needs money. 

( 1 )--- 

(2)-- 

(3) - 

(4) - 

(5) ____ 

b. Secure a copy of the Insular budget and study it. 

2. Find in the Insular budget the following items and the sums appropriated for each: 


Items 

Appropriations 

(1) Total budget 


(2) Education 


(Z) Health 


(4) Agriculture 


(5) Public debt 


























TAXATION 


141 


3 . Why does the Federal Government need money and how does it spend the money collected 
from taxes? 

Exercises 

1. a. Indicate five reasons why the Federal Government needs money. 

( 1 ) -_ 

( 2 ) _____ 

( 3 ) __: 

( 4 ) -:_,_ 

(5) --- 

h. Name two purposes for which the Federal Government raises money and for which 
the municipal and the Insular governments do not. 

(1) - 

( 2 ) - 

2. a. Name five sources of income of the Federal Government. 

(1) -- (4)- 

(2) - (5) - 

(3) - 


b. Define: (1) Tariff. 


(2) Income Tax 

























142 


PORTO RICO CIVICS 


4. To study the different kinds of taxes. 

Exercises 

1. a. What name is given to the tax imposed upon property? _ 

h. Upon imported goods?___ , _ ____.______ 

c. Upon alcohol and cigars?_ 

d. Upon the earnings of a person?__ 

e. Upon each person (or head of a family)? _ 

2. Indicate what government (municipal, Insular or Federal) levies taxes on the 
following: 

a. Individual income _ 

b. Imported jewelry_ 

c. A farm_ 

d. An automobile _ 

e. Manufactured tobacco _ 

/. Alcohol___ 

g. Theater tickets_ 

h. Inheritance_ 

i. Upon persons (poll tax) __ 

j. A store_ 

6. To study a tax receipt. 

Exercises 

1. Secure a tax receipt of property in your municipality. 

a. How much per $100 does the owner of the property pay? -- - - 



















TAXATION 


143 


b. For what improvements outside of the municipality does he pay? 


2. From a tax paid on one hundred dollars, what amount goes to each of the following 
items. 


Items 

Tax 

(1) Municipal 


(2) Tnsular 


(3) School tax 


(4) Loans—Car refer as 


(5) Loan — Municipal 


(6) Loan — Special — Municipal 

(7) Loan — Special — Insular 


(8) University 


(9) Hydroelectric development 


(10) Others 


Total 





Supplementary Work 

1. Ordinance borrowing money and imposing a special tax. Secure a copy and study it. 

2. Secure a copy of a license authorizing the holder to keep a store. Study it. 

3. Have the Collector of Internal Revenue address the class for four minutes about 
the tasks that he performs. 




















FOR COMPOSITIONS, NOTES AND CLIPPINGS 












































rx 






i 









































































































































































































































































































































































































































' 


. 


































FOR COMPOSITIONS, NOTES AND CLIPPINGS 



FOll COMPOSITIONS, NOTES AND CLIPPINGS 


v 






























































FOR 


CLIPPINGS 












































































































































■ 
























































’ 




























































s 






































































































4. 






















































- 






















































“ 


























































































































FOR COMPOSITIONS, NOTES AND CLIPPINGS 


FOR COMPOSITIONS, NOTES AND CLIPPINGS 



FOR COMPOSITIONS, NOTES AND CLIPPINGS 



CONGRESS 
















